Posted by naruse on 9 Sep 2022
We are pleased to announce the release of Ruby 3.2.0-preview2. Ruby 3.2 adds many features and performance improvements.
WASI based WebAssembly support
This is an initial port of WASI based WebAssembly support. This enables a CRuby binary to be available on Web browser, Serverless Edge environment, and other WebAssembly/WASI embedders. Currently this port passes basic and bootstrap test suites not using Thread API.
Background
WebAssembly (Wasm) is originally introduced to run programs safely and fast in web browsers. But its objective - running programs efficinently with security on various environment - is long wanted not only by web but also by general applications.
WASI (The WebAssembly System Interface) is designed for such use cases. Though such applications need to communicate with operating systems, WebAssembly runs on a virtual machine which didn’t have a system interface. WASI standardizes it.
WebAssembly/WASI Support in Ruby intends to leverage those projects. It enables Ruby developers to write applications which runs on such promised platform.
Use case
This support encourages developers can utilize CRuby in WebAssembly environment. An example use case of it is TryRuby playground’s CRuby support. Now you can try original CRuby in your web browser.
Technical points
Today’s WASI and WebAssembly itself has some missing features to implement Fiber, exception, and GC because it’s still evolving and also for security reasons. So CRuby fills the gap by using Asyncify, which is a binary transformation technique to control execution in userland.
In addition, we built a VFS on top of WASI so that we can easily pack Ruby apps into a single .wasm file. This makes distribution of Ruby apps a bit easier.
Related links
Regexp timeout
A timeout feature for Regexp matching is introduced.
Regexp.timeout = 1.0/^a*b?a*$/ =~ "a" * 50000 + "x"#=> Regexp::TimeoutError is raised in one second
It is known that Regexp matching may take unexpectedly long. If your code attempts to match an possibly inefficient Regexp against an untrusted input, an attacker may exploit it for efficient Denial of Service (so-called Regular expression DoS, or ReDoS).
The risk of DoS can be prevented or significantly mitigated by configuring Regexp.timeout
according to the requirements of your Ruby application. Please try it out in your application and welcome your feedback.
Note that Regexp.timeout
is a global configuration. If you want to use different timeout settings for some special Regexps, you may want to use timeout
keyword for Regexp.new
.
Regexp.timeout = 1.0# This regexp has no timeoutlong_time_re = Regexp.new("^a*b?a*$", timeout: nil)long_time_re =~ "a" * 50000 + "x" # never interrupted
The original proposal is https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17837
Other Notable New Features
No longer bundle 3rd party sources
-
We no longer bundle 3rd party sources like
libyaml
,libffi
.-
libyaml source has been removed from psych. You may need to install
libyaml-dev
with Ubuntu/Debian platform. The package name is different each platforms. -
libffi will be removed from
fiddle
at preview2
-
Language
-
Anonymous rest and keyword rest arguments can now be passed asarguments, instead of just used in method parameters.[Feature #18351]
def foo(*) bar(*) end def baz(**) quux(**) end
-
A proc that accepts a single positional argument and keywords willno longer autosplat. [Bug #18633]
proc{|a, **k| a}.call([1, 2])# Ruby 3.1 and before# => 1# Ruby 3.2 and after# => [1, 2]
-
Constant assignment evaluation order for constants set on explicitobjects has been made consistent with single attribute assignmentevaluation order. With this code:
foo::BAR = baz
foo
is now called beforebaz
. Similarly, for multiple assignmentsto constants, left-to-right evaluation order is used. With thiscode:foo1::BAR1, foo2::BAR2 = baz1, baz2
The following evaluation order is now used:
foo1
foo2
baz1
baz2
[Bug #15928]
-
Find pattern is no longer experimental.[Feature #18585]
-
Methods taking a rest parameter (like
*args
) and wishing to delegate keywordarguments throughfoo(*args)
must now be marked withruby2_keywords
(if not already the case). In other words, all methods wishing to delegatekeyword arguments through*args
must now be marked withruby2_keywords
,with no exception. This will make it easier to transition to other ways ofdelegation once a library can require Ruby 3+. Previously, theruby2_keywords
flag was kept if the receiving method took*args
, but this was a bug and aninconsistency. A good technique to find the potentially-missingruby2_keywords
is to run the test suite, for where it fails find the last method which mustreceive keyword arguments, useputs nil, caller, nil
there, and check eachmethod/block on the call chain which must delegate keywords is correctly markedasruby2_keywords
. [Bug #18625] [Bug #16466]def target(**kw) end # Accidentally worked without ruby2_keywords in Ruby 2.7-3.1, ruby2_keywords # needed in 3.2+. Just like (*args, **kwargs) or (...) would be needed on # both #foo and #bar when migrating away from ruby2_keywords. ruby2_keywords def bar(*args) target(*args) end ruby2_keywords def foo(*args) bar(*args) end foo(k: 1)
Performance improvements
YJIT
- Support arm64 / aarch64 on UNIX platforms.
- Building YJIT requires Rust 1.58.1+. [Feature #18481]
Other notable changes since 3.1
- Hash
- Hash#shift now always returns nil if the hash isempty, instead of returning the default value orcalling the default proc. [Bug #16908]
- MatchData
- MatchData#byteoffset has been added. [Feature #13110]
- Module
- Module.used_refinements has been added. [Feature #14332]
- Module#refinements has been added. [Feature #12737]
- Module#const_added has been added. [Feature #17881]
- Proc
- Proc#dup returns an instance of subclass. [Bug #17545]
- Proc#parameters now accepts lambda keyword. [Feature #15357]
- Refinement
- Refinement#refined_class has been added. [Feature #12737]
- Set
- Set is now available as a builtin class without the need for
require "set"
. [Feature #16989]It is currently autoloaded via theSet
constant or a call toEnumerable#to_set
.
- Set is now available as a builtin class without the need for
- String
- String#byteindex and String#byterindex have been added. [Feature #13110]
- Update Unicode to Version 14.0.0 and Emoji Version 14.0. [Feature #18037](also applies to Regexp)
- String#bytesplice has been added. [Feature #18598]
- Struct
- A Struct class can also be initialized with keyword argumentswithout
keyword_init: true
onStruct.new
[Feature #16806]
- A Struct class can also be initialized with keyword argumentswithout
Compatibility issues
Note: Excluding feature bug fixes.
Removed constants
The following deprecated constants are removed.
Fixnum
andBignum
[Feature #12005]Random::DEFAULT
[Feature #17351]Struct::Group
Struct::Passwd
Removed methods
The following deprecated methods are removed.
Dir.exists?
[Feature #17391]File.exists?
[Feature #17391]Kernel#=~
[Feature #15231]Kernel#taint
,Kernel#untaint
,Kernel#tainted?
[Feature #16131]Kernel#trust
,Kernel#untrust
,Kernel#untrusted?
[Feature #16131]
Stdlib compatibility issues
Psych
no longer bundles libyaml sources.Users need to install the libyaml library themselves via the packagesystem. [Feature #18571]
C API updates
Removed C APIs
The following deprecated APIs are removed.
rb_cData
variable.- “taintedness” and “trustedness” functions. [Feature #16131]
Standard libraries updates
-
The following default gem are updated.
- TBD
-
The following bundled gems are updated.
- TBD
-
The following default gems are now bundled gems. You need to add the following libraries to
Gemfile
under the bundler environment.- TBD
See NEWSor commit logsfor more details.
With those changes, 2393 files changed, 168931 insertions(+), 113411 deletions(-)since Ruby 3.1.0!
Download
-
https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.0-preview2.tar.gz
SIZE: 19816780SHA1: 2106c77fc1600daf41ae137ecc4cf7937e27f67fSHA256: 8a78fd7a221b86032f96f25c1d852954c94d193b9d21388a9b434e160b7ed891SHA512: 5e9ddcb1a43cff449b0062cc716bfb80a9ebbb14a1b063f34005e2998c2c5033badb44e882232db9b2fceda9376f6615986e983511fda2575d60894752b605cc
-
https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.0-preview2.tar.xz
SIZE: 14578112SHA1: 538b3ea4dc0d99f60f8bd6f71e65a56ceeb41c18SHA256: 01fac0929dccdabc0686c1109da6c187897a401da9ff8851242befa92f7fd430SHA512: 0f4cc919284fdfa1a42b6381760d1b3a4660da4b0fcdd2adf01ea04a425548b3c5ac090866915675db73964a1055090e54dd97cf4628cbb69403e541c71c28ff
-
https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.0-preview2.zip
SIZE: 24150109SHA1: 69ffffc52cad626166f73f21f25c29c9d73fe0e8SHA256: 67f9ad3110be1975b3ce547c0a6e2c910dfc1945fd6e9bb1bd340568897c6554SHA512: 1447e099e7a8da0ff206fda6f4e466640d6e86e9da8148315ab0154684b1fd22c02c0022b5a2f4d3fc00103b4e8cef8e35a770174921fd8c6abeca9ad41c1818
What is Ruby
Ruby was first developed by Matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto) in 1993,and is now developed as Open Source. It runs on multiple platformsand is used all over the world especially for web development.